Comedy Techniques in Dumb and Dumber essays

Satire Techniques in Dumb and Dumber papers One of my preferred satire films is Dumb and Dumber. The film is about a limo driver and his closest companion, driving the nation over to restore a portfolio to a lady who had abandoned it at the air terminal. And keeping in mind that driving along, run into and cause numerous over the top disasters. Numerous hypotheses are available in this film. You see the criticism or animosity speculations alongside the predominance hypothesis. Imbecilic and Dumber is composed quite well. It has a ton satire procedures included that makes it so clever. At the asking of the film, Lloyd (Jim Carrey) the limo driver observes that Mary (Lauren Holly), the lady he had quite recently dropped off at the air terminal, had put her folder case down and left without it. Viewing the film, we realize that she had put the portfolio down intentionally. Two horde type individuals were getting ready to get the drop off. Not long before they get to it, Lloyd comes sliding in and grabs the folder case up to return it to Mary. The prevalence hypothesis clarifies why we think this interesting. We realize that she had dropped the case off intentionally for another person to get it. Be that as it may, Lloyd doesnt realize this should occur. Lloyd never finds Mary and promises to himself and his closest companion Harry (Jeff Daniels) that he is going to restore the case to her. They set off from Rhode Island to Aspen not realizing that they are being followed the whole time by the horde characters. We indeed snicker at this teams accidents and disasters. Everybody knows th! at Aspen is in Colorado. Another comical case of this hypothesis is at a scene where Lloyd and Harry are pulled over for speeding. Lloyd needed to pee gravely and couldnt hold it for the following stop. In edginess he tops off void lager bottles with his pee. After they are pulled over the cop associates them with drinking and questions them about the brew bottles on the vehicle floor. He gets one of the jugs and goes to ... <!

Many MNEs may want to start operations in some foreign country Essay

Foundation way implies that the MNE begins its tasks from scraped spot in the outside state ordinarily through a totally claimed subordinate where as in section way ; this can be cultivated by a subordinate or through organization with a nearby gathering which includes shared proprietorship. In this overview the authors look at the outcome of same factors on both these picks accessible to an organization. They do it through a progression of speculations. The primary speculation gauges the positive result of more prominent institutional advancement on the pick that the organization makes. Institutional advancement is characterized in the review as refering to adjustments in formal foundations over a time of clasp. It is contended that regulative powers are probably going to be a huge impact on an assurance that a MNE makes as for its constitution or section pick. Regulative powers or rather Regulative powers as portrayed in the review are non restricted to Torahs and statutes only however close to incorporate political and other cultural components. The authors infer that institutional advancement has a positive result on the pick to set up a subordinate with shared proprietorship. The second theory proposed by the authors’ measures the leading outcome of institutional advancement on the tendency of an innovatively exceptional house to either go for constitution way or section way. It is contended that houses which are designing extreme should go for constitution way in light of the fact that their competitory focal points are inserted in their work power achievements and authoritative examples so it is progressively productive for them to get down from scraped area. They ought to connect with and build up the nearby work power. Moreover in example of a joint endeavor or part responsibility for subordinate. ensuring the discerning rights can be an issue. Security of such rights is subject to the legal framework. In section financial sciences where the seat is degenerate and balanced effects rights are non regarded. a MNE would be disinclined to reassign its building. Subsequently essayists infer that house with cutting edge exclusive designing are probably going to favor foundation way yet level of institutional advancement has a positive directing outcome on such a house going for passage way. The third theory gauges the leading result of institutional advancement on a multidomestic MNE to either go for constitution of section way. Multidomestic houses are characterized as those which seek after multidomestic plan and need to set up a manageable nearby market nearness. For such MNEs geting a neighborhood organization is an increasingly appealing alternative on the grounds that such procurement can flexibly them with nearby exchange names. showcase comprehension. conveyance channels and web associations with the host country’s different concerns and specialists. How the rebuilding and realignment of the gained substance can be extremely aggressive. The houses in the host state are probably going to be following an alternate worldview. Be that as it may, on the different manus if a MNE goes for shared possession or passage way. it can bring through additional without going up against these difficulties. It is contends that a multidomestic MNE requires lesser control on the subordinate. In the event that this is not really good or bad subordinates in the host state can hold significant opportunity and run on their ain to the full utilizing their neighborhood expertness. Subsequently it is finished up institutional advancement has a positive directing result on a multidomestic MNE to go for section way. At last the authors have utilized a global investigation to gather the data to back up their discoveries. The investigation comprises of a poll with 33 detached and close to finish requests. Besides the MNE’s most recent constitution way pick or passage way pick has been taken as the dependant variable. Survey This overview is no vulnerability an important in addition to for chiefs and students in like manner in breaking down the conduct of MNEs in doing their picks with regards to Foreign Direct Investment yet anyway it has a couple of deformities and failings. Be that as it may, the greatest imperfection of this study is the range. The scholars have mainly taken an example of European MNEs. Furthermore, the purported monetary frameworks in entry are on a very basic level east European states which were one time under the Fe wrap. First we have to see the way that Europeans MNEs might be extremely unique in relation to Nipponese or American MNEs, etc. The constitution or section way pick for Nipponese houses might be reliant on or directed by factors other than the 1s talked about here. So also a MNE whether European or Nipponese may decide to place in some state in Central Asia or North Africa or even South Asia. The economic situations in these states are extremely not the same as those of the entry monetary frameworks talked about by the authors. This implies the discoveries in this review are non all around pertinent. All things considered it is an important extra to our comprehension sing MNE conduct in doing Foreign Direct Investment judgments. Be that as it may, for any exploration laborer looking to deliberate with this overview. it is extremely of import to keep up the previously mentioned limitations in head.

Language And Communication For Technology Example

Language And Communication For Technology Example Language And Communication For Technology â€" Assignment Example > The Touchscreen/Swipe TechnologyIntroductionFirst came the iPhones, then the iPod and now the unmatched creativity at Apple Inc, has come up with the pioneering technology of the iPad. An iPad is an electronic device that experts have defined as a series of tablet mini-computers that is designed for the purposes of audio-visual application such as movies, computer games, and music and so on (Carlson, 2012). By size and perhaps weight, this piece of innovation does not exceed the ordinary iPhone or mini laptop computers. It has a virtual on-screen keyboard in place of the otherwise bulky physical keyboard. The invention of the iPad has been described as: going the extra mile in the world of technology. The operating system used on the iPhone is the very one used by the iPad. There is no iPhone application that cannot run on the iPad. The thing that has the brain of the layman to the world of mystery is the way in which the touch screen of the iPad works. So the topic of debate has been how exactly does the touch screen technology work, and what is the significance of the technology in the world today? This essay is written in an attempt to answer in part the issue in question. An overview of the iPad touch screen/swipe technologyThe touch screen is fast replacing manual hardware such as the physical keyboard and the computer mouse as well as the joysticks that have been in use for as long as computers have been. The first ever touch screen technology was brought into being by one E. A Johnson in the United Kingdom in 1971. This is the same technology that has undergone improvements to be used in the contemporary smart phones. The biggest improvement of the technology of touch screen was pioneered by Apple Inc. The reasoning behind the way a touch screen works is not easy to understand but can be explained in a simple form to make sense. The touch screen is an electronic layer of very thin slides that are sensitive to touch and light. These sensors locate the position of a person’s finger through detecting the inconsistency in the strata of slides (Cohen et al, 2011). The screen is linked to the set of programs within the iPad so as to execute instructions upon touch. When the screen senses contact, it sends a signal to the appropriate program. The program to which the signal is sent depends on which display mode the iPad was in during the contact. It is no puzzle then why touching the screen when in numeric mode, a number will appear on the screen. The design adopted by the apple company is a multi-interface display that enables a user to operate various applications at once. The iPad has a very sensitive and powerful Wi-Fi that is capable of linking to local area networks of 3G and 4G. The visual clarity and audio brilliance of this piece of pioneering technology make it an outstanding innovation. Its internet connection has such outstanding features as censorship (Mazo Trautschold, 2012). For instance most pornographic sites can not be accessed through the device. As such it serves the function of preventing moral decay.

The Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare - 1483 Words

William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet is a misfortunate play that exhibits Prince Hamlet’s internal and external conflicts which show the ultimate purpose of the story. Revenge is perhaps the greatest theme in Hamlet, and is shown by the conflicts Prince Hamlet has with his family, friends, and a girlfriend as well as within his self. The anguish Hamlet feels towards his new father and his mother is magnified by the discovery that they were both involved in his father, the king’s, murder. This anger transcends to unassuming characters like his fiancà ©, his best friend, and other minor characters. Hamlet’s goal of revenge takes over his character and transforms him from a quiet intellectual to a cruel, vengeful villain. The use of imagery, simile, and foreshadowing in the story helps the reader visualize how something rotten in the state of Denmark came to be. Hamlet and his new father, arguably have the strongest conflict, making their relationship important to analyze. Hamlet previously trusted and loved his uncle, Claudius, but after his marriage to his mother he becomes emotionally compromised. Prince Hamlet’s anger towards the new king is easily seen. King Claudius appears to show no remorse until his dying breath. Hamlet struggles in his relationship with his mother because he does love her, but is rattled by her decision to marry his uncle days after his father’s death. When Prince Hamlet realizes that Gertrude played a significant role in the king’s death heShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1427 Words   |  6 PagesWhy has Hamlet’s rage led him to a death that was destined to happen? Simple, his absolute motive was to seek revenge for the death of his father, who was once the King of Denmark. In this tragedy, Hamlet wanted to put on this image of an insane man. This would mislead the people around him from his intentions of killing King Claudius, who is strangely his uncle and â€Å"father† simultaneously. Claudius takes the throne for Denmark after pouring poison down King Hamlet’s ear without leaving any evidenceRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1131 Words   |  5 PagesTragedy, according to American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, is a drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances. In William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, tragedy is no short supply. Shakespeare takes the reader on a journey of epic proportions through the struggles and conflicts, internal andRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1543 Words   |  7 Pagesplay, The Tragedy of Hamlet, seems to have a domino effect. As Hamlet tries to get his revenge, he brings ruin upon the kingdom. Hamlet is self-doubtful; he doub ts himself to a point where he does not know what is true in his life. He constantly contradicts himself, causing many people, whose death was unintended, to die. In Williams Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet, in order to portray Hamlet’s tragedy, Shakespeare uses soliloquies, metaphors, symbolism, and anti-thesis. Shakespeare utilizesRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1604, William Shakespeare finished one of the most famous plays of revenge in English history. This play has left a plethora of questions, most left unanswered even after the hundreds of scholars who have analyzed it. The complexity and multiple facades of the characters, the use of many themes, and the symbols in this play have been construed into a delicate tale; Shakespeare purposely left out many details in order to shroud this piece in mystery. In The Tragedy of Hamlet, Shakespeare s vagueRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare2594 Words   |  11 PagesJulian A tragedy is a dramatic work that is about a character whose tragic flaw leads to his downfall and to the demise of many of the other characters. William Shakespeare was a playwright during the Elizabethan Era who was made famous for his literary works of tragedies, comedies and sonnets. One of Shakespeare?s most renowned tragedies is Hamlet. In this classic tragedy the protagonist, Hamlet, pursues revenge and seeks justice against the antagonist, Claudius, for the murder of King Hamlet. As aRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1146 Words   |  5 Pages How certain can one be that they will see tomorrow? How certain can one be that they will see the next second? In William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet, all of the characters face uncertainty at some point in the story. The character of Hamlet is, for lack of a better term, a laggard; he procrastinates like no other, making him an uncertain character in his entirety. His most famous line is â€Å"To be , or not to be? That is the question.† The entire scene is about Hamlet’s uncertainty about suicideRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Hamlet, each character stands out in unique ways. Madness is one of the crucial themes as Shakespeare depicts the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Though she is generally read as a minor character, Ophelia’s madness reveals the struggle of the female character that attempts to have a voice of her own. Ophelia’s life certainly seems tragic based on Aristotle s definition of tragedy, which says that â€Å"A tragedy is the imitationRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay1829 Words   |  8 PagesThe tragedy of Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare is one of the best tragedies ever written. The term hamartia, coined by the philosopher Aristotle in his writing Poetics, can be d efined as â€Å"tragic flow,† to miss the mark â€Å"leading to a mistake† (American Heritage Dictionary). Aristotle points out that: tragedy is an imitation not only of a complete action, but of events inspiring fear or pity as well as the tragic hero must not be an utter villain or a perfect man, but he must be, then: theRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1931 Words   |  8 Pages William Shakespeare is an English Poet known for his famous dramatized writings. Shakespeare was born in the United Kingdom in April. Here are some of his legendary texts: â€Å"Macbeth†, â€Å"Julius Caesar†, and â€Å"Hamlet†. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet† was written during the sixteenth century and was performed in 1609. Shakespeare writes this tragedy to reveal the roles of women during the Middle Ages. Back then females were referred as noblewomen and were expected to do the following: run households, take careRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe tragedy of Hamlet was an inordinately fascinating play with many profoundly intriguing characters that did a great many heroic and disappointing things despite the intricacy and arduousness to understand the true personality William Shakespeare intended for each. At the beginning of the play, as Hamlet has decided to pretend madness, he pretends he does not love Ophelia anymore, he even rejects her and insults her (Act 3, scene 1). This, of course, means that he has been in love with her before

What Was the First Play Shakespeare Wrote

The identity of the first play written by the Elizabethan poet and playwright William Shakespeare (1564 to 1616) is quite controversial among scholars. Some believe it was Henry VI, Part 2, a history play  first performed in 1590–1591 and published (that is, according to records kept in the Stationers Register) in March 1594. Others suggest it was Titus Andronicus, first published January 1594, and still others mention the Comedy of Errors, published in June 1594. Other scholars believe he wrote or cowrote a tragedy named Arden of Faversham, published in April 1592, and currently officially attributed to Anonymous. All of these were likely written between about 1588 to 1590. Why Dont We Know? Unfortunately, there is simply no definitive record of the chronology of Shakespeare’s plays, or even exactly how many he wrote. Thats for a number of reasons. Shakespeare didnt own the copyright of his plays. They were owned by the theatre company.Shakespeare often collaborated with other playwrights, who contributed substantial pieces to one anothers works.None of the plays were published until the 1590s, after they had appeared in the theatres for several years. Writers who are known or suspected to have collaborated with Shakespeare on one anothers plays include Thomas Nashe, George Peele, Thomas Middleton, John Fletcher, George Wilkins, John Davies, Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe, and several as-yet-unidentified authors. In short, Shakespeare, like other writers during his day, wrote for his own audience, in his own time, and for a theatre company that was competing with others. The copyright on the plays was owned by the theatre company, so actors and directors could and did freely change the text. Some difficulty then is involved in trying to pin down a date when a play was first put to paper when the text changed so much during its production. Evidence for Dating the Plays Several attempts to piece together a coherent list of writing dates for the plays have been published, but they disagree: The historical record is not complete enough to give a definitive answer. Scholars have brought statistical analysis of linguistic patterns to the problem. Linguists look at how English verse changed over time during Shakespeares day. His writing writing reveals evidence of common poetic characteristics, such as how much variation and fluidity he used in his iambic pentameter. For example, most noble heroes in Shakespeare speak in constrained verses, while villains speak in a looser verse, and clowns speak in prose. Othello begins as a hero, but his syntax and verse gradually decay through the play as he evolves into a tragic villain. So Which Was First?   Scholars are able to determine which plays were likely earlier than others (Henry VI, Part 2, Titus Andronicus, Comedy of Errors, Arden of Faversham), as well as provide evidence supporting the co-authorship of Shakespeare and his associates on others. However, it is unlikely that well ever know definitively which of the plays was Shakespeares earliest: We do know that he first began writing a handful of plays in the late 1580s or early 1590s. Resources and Further Reading Bruster, Douglas. â€Å"Shakespeare’s Pauses, Authorship, and Early Chronology.† Studia Metrica Et Poetica, vol. 2, no. 2, 31 Dec. 2015, pp. 25-47.Jackson, Macd. P. â€Å"Another Metrical Index for Shakespeares Plays: Evidence for Chronology and Authorship.†Ã‚  Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, vol. 95, no. 4, 1994, pp. 453-458.  JSTOR.Rosso, Osvaldo A., et al. â€Å"Shakespeare and Other English Renaissance Authors as Characterized by Information Theory Complexity Quantifiers.† Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, vol. 388, no. 6, 15 Mar. 2009, pp. 916-926.Tarlinskaja, Marina. â€Å"Evolution of Shakespeares Metrical Style.† Poetics, vol. 12, no. 6, Dec. 1983, pp. 567-587.Tarlinskaja, Marina. Shakespeare and the Versification of English Drama, 1561-1642. Routledge, 2016.Thomas, Sidney. â€Å"On the Dating of Shakespeares Early Plays.† Shakespeare Quarterly, vol. 39, no. 2, 1 July 1988, pp. 187-194.

Atm Skimming Free Essays

————————————————- ATM Skimming An Ethical Look April 16, 2013 In the world we live in today our currency is promises. Our money is just paper backed by the promise of the United States government to back it up with hard currency, i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Atm Skimming or any similar topic only for you Order Now gold. Due to our lack of hard currency in everyday life there are many different ways to pay for things. These include: checks, credit cards, paper currency, and bank cards. One thing that has not changed about money is that, like every other thing valuable, people will try to steal it no matter its form. One of the most damaging types of thefts now is that of ATM (Automated Teller Machine) Skimming. Most people keep the bulk of their capital in banks. They use ATMs to access that money. Thieves have a way to conspicuously steal the information unique to their accounts so they can access others’ money. This is devastating to people and it is this issue on which I write. On February 12, 2013 an article was written. It was entitled ‘How alleged crooks used ATM skimmers to compromise thousands of accounts’. Federal Authorities have charged two men with running an operation to gain control of over 6,000 bank accounts. The banks targeted included: Capital One, J. P. Morgan Chase, among others. These criminals bought card readers and installed them on top of ATMs and doors to ATMs. They also made hidden pinhole cameras to watch people put in their pins. These people supposedly led a group of 9 or more people who put these devices all over cities. These cities included Manhattan, Chicago, and Milwaukee. The people would then use the information to make fake cards, which would be used for false purchases and withdrawals. This operation had â€Å"stash locations† to manage the information. One such facility had hundreds of hours of footage showing PINs being input. More than 1,000 blank cards were also found here. Due to the gravity of the crimes these men face around 40 years in jail. Prosecutors are also moving to seize $3 million from the men. The article goes on to say that ATM skimming has been going on for a decade and thieves are constantly improving their methods. The article suggests that the ATM skimming has been around for over ten years. That surprised me because I had only heard of this recently. Just like all technology, the technology that thieves use to perfect this form of theft also improves with time. The article also indicates that even though law enforcement and the general public are more aware, that this type of theft will not go away any time soon. The bible says that people perish for lack of knowledge. I believe news shows like Dateline NBC and 60 minutes should create stories around this issue. These shows have a large number of viewers and are shown during primetime. Their reporters are well respected and the information they provide is factual and the reporters are credible. People also should become more aware of their surroundings. There are some precautions a person may keep in mind when using the ATM machine. One precaution is using the machine in daylight or well lit areas. Well lit areas can ensure that one is able to check the machine for any abnormalities or devices that may appear foreign in nature. Another precaution is to use a walk up versus a drive through machine. Driver through machines may be more awkward to maneuver from a car window and thus not as easy to investigate for abnormalities. A final suggestion is to use the ATM attached to a bank with which you are familiar. Convenience stores, dry cleaners, and even gas stations now have ATM machines as incentive to pay with cash for an advertised discount. Many of these machines are sponsored by companies that are not familiar to most consumers. I do not trust this kind of ATM and believe them to be the most susceptible to this kind of theft. What better way to manipulate the ATM machine than to build one and then entice people to use your machine? Banks also have a huge responsibility to inform its customers of the risk factors associated with using an ATM machine. When a person opens an account there should be a brief overview of this threat and even a pamphlet that outlines warning signs and indicators that the ATM may be compromise. Stealing funds from a bank is a federal offense. Though punishable by imprisonment, I would like to see legislation that toughens the sentencing guidelines around this issue. Preying on innocent people who are trying to access their own money is should be punishable to the fullest extent of the law. It should not be treated as a white collar crime where the criminal, after being found guilty, spends a few years in a federal â€Å"country club†. They should be made to serve time with other harden criminals and ordered to pay restitution to their victims. The bottom line is we live in a world where some people will always try to create a way to steal from others. These are the people who would rather take advantage of someone versus making an honest living at a worthwhile endeavor. Knowing this we must always keep our eyes open and our minds alert, especially when using an ATM machine. Technological advances will make this difficult for the novice and doing business with a bank that provides for return of your funds if stolen is a plus. However, the feeling of violation when someone takes what rightfully belongs to you and the inconvenience of filing the report and waiting the return of your money are even more recent to stay informed on this issue and be very cautious when using an ATM machine. The act of ATM skimming breaks almost every guideline in the ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Article 1. 1 of the ACM Code of Ethics States that we should â€Å"Contribute to society and human well-being† The acts that I have described were the opposite of this ideal. These thieves selfishly used their knowledge of technology to take advantage of a system and profit from it at the expense of society and human well-being. Other articles that these criminals violated were Article 1. 7 â€Å"Respect the privacy of others† and Article 1. â€Å"Honor confidentiality†. They violated others’ privacy in order to gain from their information. The very core of the ideas from the ACM Code of Conduct stems from the belief that we as technical minded people should help and not hurt others with our knowledge. The advantage that we have been given is to be used for the benefit of, and not the detriment of others. I feel as though these individuals should be gi ven a fair trial under the laws of the United States Court system. If they are found guilty they should be punished to the full extent of the law. They stole from people using knowledge that would have been better served toward helping others than hurting others. They took advantage of the system in a way that was unethical and hurtful. They should repent to society. Bibliography Council, ACM. ACM Code of Ethics. 16 10 1992. Web Site. 16 April 2013. Goodin, Dan. â€Å"How alleged crooks used ATM skimmers to compromise thousands of accounts. † Ars Technica (2013). Internet. Hampton University. Student Technology Guide. n. d. PDF File. 16 April 2013. How to cite Atm Skimming, Papers

Human Beings and Sexual Desire free essay sample

The Human Person and Sexual Desire Human beings have a natural tendency to violate the natural laws of the universe, such as destroying rainforests or spilling oil into the ocean. Our treatment of sexual activity is similar in regards to us violating the purpose of sexual activity, which is reproduction. When God created the earth, God’s purpose was for humans to â€Å"be fruitful and multiply†. Nowhere in there did God say anything about engaging in sex for the purpose of pleasure. However, human beings have been careless with God’s plan. This violation of God’s plan is one of the reasons why Pope Paul VI wrote his Encyclical Letter Humane Vitae. Pope Paul VI mentioned his fear â€Å"that world population is increasing more rapidly than available resources, with the consequence of growing distress for so many families and developing countries† (Pope Paul VI 8-9). The reason for the increase in population is because men and women, married or not, are engaging in sexual intercourse and having children left and right without regards to it, only regards to sexual pleasure. When a man and woman marry, they enter into a covenant, and married love is â€Å"fully human†¦ total†¦ faithful†¦ and fruitful† (12-13). If the man and woman want, their conjugal love can produce offspring, but they may realize that with certain â€Å"physical, economic, psychological and social conditions, responsible parenthood† may make having children under these conditions difficult and parents must â€Å"avoid a new birth for the time being, or even for an indeterminate period† (13-14). The Pope went on to mention how birth control is the most effective way to prevent over population and unwanted pregnancies, but not in the form of contraceptives, abortion, or â€Å"direct sterilization, whether perpetual or temporary, whether of the man or of the woman† (16-17). The Pope, however, states that if it is necessary to space births, â€Å"deriving from the physical or psychological conditions of husband or wife, or from external circumstances, the Church teaches that it is then permissible to take into account the natural rhythms immanent in the generative functions and to make use of marriage during the infertile times only† (19). In other words, the only time a husband and wife can engage in sexual intercourse for pleasure alone is when the woman is on her monthly cycle, at which time she is infertile. This way, it will not offend any of the moral principles of marriage and of what God teaches and at the same time, it will regulate births (19). Pope Paul VI warns of the consequences of using artificial birth control, such as abortion, contraceptives, or sterilization. He states â€Å"how wide and easy a road would thus be opened to conjugal infidelity and to a general lowering of morality. Further, â€Å"the man†¦may in the end lose respect for his wife, and no longer [care] about her physical and psychological well-being† (20); she will then become an instrument for self-enjoyment. Young people would also be tempted to break the moral law. Pope Paul VI’s predictions were fairly accurate, as can be seen in abortion, divorce rates, teen pregnancies, and prostitution. In The Ego and the Id, Sigmund Freud conducted many clinical trials to determine the dynamics of the psyche of human beings. From his clinical experience, he began to view sex as much more important in the psyche than other needs. Libido, or â€Å"I desire† in Latin, refers to any desire, but Freud places high emphasis on the desire for sex, and calls it â€Å"erotic libido† (Freud 45). The pleasure principle refers to the human beings tendency to desire sex to make their lives better. The psyche fends off the tensions of the pleasure principle, found in the Eros, in various ways: â€Å"By striving for the satisfaction of the directly sexual trends†¦[and] by discharge of the sexual substances, which are saturated vehicles, so to speak, of the erotic tensions† (46). Both Freud and Pope Paul VI discuss sexual desire as something innate in human beings. I feel that the media and the way women and men are portrayed as sex objects make it difficult for human beings to control their urges to have sex for pleasure alone. If these outside stimulants were better controlled, there would be less pressure for men and women to engage in sexual activities for the purpose of pleasure. For instance, young women in non-western countries are more reserved in both their appearance and mannerisms. This reflects highly on the amount of young women who engage in sexual activity for pleasure in those countries. Western young women, on the other hand, dress more provocatively and act less reserved; and the amount of western young girls who engage in sex for pleasure is astronomical in comparison to non-western countries. The main reason western girls dress and act less reserved than non-western girls is in part due to the way older women are portrayed in the media. These young girls see beautiful models dressed in revealing clothes and hugging on handsome male models and acting â€Å"loose†, which makes them want to act and dress the same way. In the non-western countries, women and men are not shown in the same manner in the media, if the media even exists at all in those countries. According to Pope Paul VI, this is not what sex is meant for; it is meant for procreation. Freud says that it is a normal behavior for human beings to engage in sex for pleasure, because of the Eros, but he does not say whether he thinks it is right or wrong. The use of contraception, whether it be abortion, â€Å"the pill†, or sterilization, only makes it OK to continue engaging in sex for pleasure and ignoring the purpose for which God created it. If a person knows all they have to do is put on a condom or take a pill every day in order to have sex without producing offspring, he or she will perform those sexual activities more often. In order to get past this misconception of God’s plan, human beings need to be educated on the purpose of sex and develop virtues in order to become a follower of God’s plan.

Types of love in Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream free essay sample

The types of love in Midsummer Nights dream by William Shakespeare To begin with ,we have the love story of Theseus and Hippolyta. Theseus has fought many battles and risked his life in order to win Hippolyta: wood thee with my sword / And won thy love, doing thee injuries. Next we have the pair of romantic lovers Hermia and Lysander and Helena and Demetrius who undergo many trials before they are united Finally, we have the fairy couple Oberon and Titania who are finally reconciled after a long period of separation. What is common to all these different love stories is the fact that the course of true love never did run smooth. Shakespeare reveals to us that love at all levels, whether it is the royalty or the ordinary folk, or in the supernatural has to undergo a rigorous trial before it succeeds. True love will succeed if the lovers are faithful to their partners and remain patient during their time of separation and trial. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of love in Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the vicious, yet very real, love of Oberon and Titania to the youthful obsessive love that Helena has for Demetrius (and the false love the fairies cause Demetrius to have for Helena), love is a primary subject in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream. Though the King and Queen of Fairies are violent in their love for one another, their anger shaking the ground when the two fght, they most assuredly do love each other. Not so withHelena and Demetrius, however. In the case of Helena and Demetrius, Helena is in such a deep state of obsessive love for Demetrius that she truly shames herself hen trying to catch him going so far as to compare herself with a Spaniel dog , available exclusively for Demetrius use. All the while, Demetrius scorns Helenas affections, preferring instead to chase after Hermia. In fact, Demetrius does not show any love or interest in Helena until the fairy Robin Goodfellow, or Puck , puts a spell on him. This is not a true love on either side. Helena does not love Demetrius, but rather obsesses over him affording Demetrius all worth and herself none unless he returns her affections. On Demetrius side, the only reason that he begins to love Helena at all is the fairy spell not from any affection of his own heart. This is not a healthy , mature love in any sense, with one person in a self-degrading obsession and the other under an enchantment. On the other hand, the King and Queen of the Fairies, Oberon and Titania, have a much healthier, a much truer love relationship between them. Though spiteful at times because Titanias possessions take her attention away from him, Oberon certainly loves his queen. However, this spite drives Oberon to play tricks and put spells on the Queen of the Fairies in order to remove that which so distracts the lady from her husband. On Titanias side, the queen is not above using her power to make Oberon Jealous fawning over her possetions to point of ignoring him. However, once these tricks and intrigues are finished, Oberon and Titania meet in a spectacular reunion that once again reaffirms their love for one another. This is a healthy sort of love, with each partner exerting his or her own will s opposed to one giving all control over to the other person and compromises being made between the two. Furthermore, the couple is not afraid to fght one another when it is appropriate and the relationship seems stronger tor the arguing and making up. The two couples of Oberon and Titania and Helena and Demetrius show the striking contrasts in the types of love evidenced in A Midsummer Nights Dream, though multiple other types are present in the play as well. Ranging from a youthful dalliance to a mature and healthy love, Shakespeare shows the full gamut of the love spectrum.

Natron and its Use in Preserving Egyptian Mummies

Natron and its Use in Preserving Egyptian Mummies Natron is a chemical salt (Na2CO3), which was used by the ancient Bronze Age societies in the eastern Mediterranean for a wide range of purposes, most importantly as an ingredient in making glass, and as a preservative used in making mummies.   Natron can be created out of ash from plants that grow in salt marshes (called halophytic plants) or mined from  natural deposits. The main source for Egyptian mummy-making was at Wadi Natrun, northwest of Cairo. Another important natural deposit used primarily for glass-making was at Chalastra, in the Macedonian region of Greece.   Oh, mummy! Ahmose-Nefertari still looks good today. G. Elliot Smith (1871-1937)/Public Domain/Wikimedia Commons Mummy Preservation Beginning as long ago as 3500 BCE, the ancient Egyptians mummified their wealthy dead in various ways. During the New Kingdom (ca. 1550-1099 BCE), the process included the removal and preservation of internal organs. Certain organs such as the lungs and intestines were placed into decorated Canopic jars that symbolized protection by the Gods.  The body was then preserved with natron while the heart was typically left untouched and inside of the body. The brain was often physically discarded.   Natrons salt properties worked to preserve the mummy in three ways: Dried the moisture in the flesh thereby inhibiting the growth of bacteriaDegreased the body fats by removing moisture-filled fat cellsServed as a microbial disinfectant. Natron  was stripped from the bodys skin after 40 days  and the cavities were filled with items such as linen, herbs, sand, and sawdust.  The skin was coated with resin, then the body was wrapped in resin-coated linen bandages. This entire process took about two and a half months for those that could afford to embalm. Earliest Use   Natron is a salt, and salts and brines have been used in all cultures for a number of uses. Natron was used in Egyptian glass-making at least as long ago as the Badarian period of early 4th millennium BCE, and likely in mummy-making about the same time. By 1000 BCE, glass makers throughout the Mediterranean used natron as the flux elements.   Knossos Palace on Crete was built with large blocks of gypsum, a mineral related to natron; the Romans used NaCl as money or salarium, which is how English got the word salary. The Greek writer Herodotus reported natrons use in mummy-making the 6th century BCE.   Making or Mining Natron Natron can be made by collecting plants from salt marshes, burning them until they are at the ash stage and then mixing it with soda lime. In addition, natron is found in natural deposits in Africa in places such as Lake Magadi, Kenya, and Lake Natron in Tanzania, and in Greece at Lake Pikrolimni. The mineral is typically found alongside  gypsum and calcite, both also important to Mediterranean Bronze Age societies. Natron Glass - Unguent Bottle - New Kingdom 18th or 19th Dynasty. Claire H Characteristics and Use Natural natron varies in color with the deposit. It can be pure white, or darker grey or yellow. It has a soapy texture when mixed with water, and was used anciently as a soap and mouthwash, and as a disinfectant for cuts and other wounds.   Natron was an important component for making ceramics, paints- it is an important element in the recipe for the paint known as Egyptian blue- glassmaking, and metals. Natron was also used to make faience, the high-tech substitute for precious gems in Egyptian society.   Today, natron is not used as readily in modern-day society, having been replaced with commercial detergent items along with soda ash, which made up for its use as a soap, glass-maker and household items. Natron has decreased dramatically in use since its popularity in the 1800s. Egyptian Etymology The name natron comes from the term Nitron, which derives from Egypt as a synonym for sodium bicarbonate. Natron was from the 1680s French word which was derived directly from Arabics natrun. The latter was from Greeks nitron. It is also known as the chemical sodium which is symbolized as Na. Sources Bertman, Stephen. The Genesis of Science: The Story of Greek Imagination. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2010. Print. Dotsika, E., et al. A Natron Source at Pikrolimni Lake in Greece? Geochemical Evidence. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 103.2-3 (2009): 133-43. Print. Noble, Joseph Veach. The Technique of Egyptian Faience. American Journal of Archaeology 73.4 (1969): 435–39. Print. Tite, M.S., et al. The Composition of the Soda-Rich and Mixed Alkali Plant Ashes Used in the Production of Glass. Journal of Archaeological Science 33 (2006): 1284-92. Print.

Crisis communications- Honda Recall Research Paper

Crisis communications- Honda Recall - Research Paper Example It is vital to note that business apologizes differ from personal apologies because business apologizes are given in order to retain clients, customers and business relationships (Meiners, Ringleb & Edwards, 2008). A business apology is given to customers regardless of whether the error or mistake was preventable or not. In this case, the business apology will be given in writing through social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, and verbally, through YouTube and television advertisements. Honda should follow strategic steps in providing its apologies to its customers. The first step is monitoring the presence of Honda’s products in the market and social media platforms. The second step is the engagement of customers and product reviewers immediately. In the apology, Honda should be honest and assume responsibility for its shortcomings. Most importantly, Honda should learn from its mistakes (Meiners, Ringleb & Edwards, 2008). The first thing that Honda should do before offering its apologies is to study or monitor its presence in the market and social platforms. In order to respond to the issue appropriately, Honda should be aware of the reviews provided by its clients and industry analysts. Once the firm has studied its presence and customer perceptions, it should apologize appropriately, based on the issues raised by the customers. This takes the firm to the next step, which is engagement with customers. Engaging with customers will enable Honda to obtain con structive feedback. Social media provides ideal platforms for offering apologizes. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube have combined audiences of approximately 1 billion people on a daily basis (Meiners, Ringleb & Edwards, 2008). The apology message should focus on customer satisfaction and the firm’s shortcoming. Honda should know the right time to offer its apology. The

Training Activity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Training Activity - Coursework Example The general staff needs to be trained to follow the policies and procedures of the new company, Massive Computers. Each organization has a different culture and the new company’s culture and way of doing things must be communicated across to the employees so that they may adjust to the new environment and feel a part of the group. Of course, the new management needs to filter out candidates who they feel are not going to be part of the new regime. These employees can be made redundant based on age, qualifications, work experience with the company and a number of other criteria including, but not limited to, ability to adapt to surroundings. The remaining ones should then be notified of their job security so that they will be motivated and be willing to co-operate and be a part of the new training program. Whatever the management has planned for the long-term future of the company should be communicated to the employees so as to avoid ambiguity, apprehensiveness and make them f eel a part of the group. Short-term operational planning decisions should also be communicated here. Employees can be trained by their supervisors and should be fully trained and motivated for work, preferably in under a month. Program 2 – Middle Management The middle management should be given training regarding the tactical side of things and be communicated the medium term objectives so that they may be able to handle their subordinates.... They should also be trained to keep employees motivated and aligned with the organizational goals so as to ensure that nobody falls off-track. Middle-level managers can be provided training in areas which were previously not under their control but would now be under the new management. The training division, in collaboration with the local HR department should provide this training to the middle-management and the entire process should be concluded in a matter of two weeks. Program 3 – Senior Management The senior management should be provided training pertaining to the strategic aspects of conducting business. The surviving members of the old management should be brought up to date with the methods being used by their American colleagues. Empowerment techniques should also be taught so as to help these members of the senior management feel comfortable when delegating authority and learning to trust their subordinates. Since most of the senior management comprises of American s, they should be trained to learn aspects of the Australian culture that are relevant to conducting business here so as to better understand their employees and the working environment. This program should be conducted in an informal, off-the-job setting such as at a hotel suite, where the new and old members can get to know each other in a relaxed atmosphere and exchange ideas. The local executives can teach their American counterparts about the Australian culture whereas the Americans can teach the locals about how they want things to work and what direction they expect the company to be heading in. The duration of the meeting should be kept short and must be concluded in under one week at best. Training Evaluation Evaluation is a

Basic philosophy of the skilled helper model

Basic philosophy of the skilled helper model In the first edition of The Skilled Helper,published in 1975, Egan expounded a model of the helping process with the goal to establish a training technology that applies to helper training and to the helping process itself. The subtitle of The Skilled Helper is A Problem Management and Opportunity Development Approach to Helping, and this reflects Egans focus on problem solving and goal setting rather than dwelling on the past causes of problems. It provides a structured approach to the helping process rather than providing a theory of personality. The Skilled Helper is now in its ninth edition, and with each edition Egan has developed and refined the model, with differing emphasis upon its various stages. Egan does not claim the model asThe Egan Model but regards it as his own version of the basic dynamics of the problem management process (Interview 1995). It is influenced by the Person Centred approach of Carl Rogers and the Cognitive Behavioural theories of Albert Ellis, amongst others. The Rogers Core Conditions help provide the basis of the client-helper relationship whilst the Cognitive Behavioural approach of Albert Ellis can assist with the problem management stages of the model. The model is extremely flexible, and its integrative style allows for the introduction of various psychotherapeutic techniques into the helping process. Its fluidity allows the process to readily flow to any stage of the continuum to suit the clients current needs, whilst providing the helper with orientation on what stage the process is at. It has proved an enduring and successful approach to counselling and problem solving, and has readily crossed into other cultures. Egan partly describes its success as due to its logic being embedded in human beings. The problem solving process is recognised by humans around the world almost as a universal principle and therefore the stages of the model are readily identified with. The use of CBT techniques can introduce problems for under skilled helpers who may provide inappropriate guidance through the problem solving stages. The inexperienced helper may also view the model as a process of rigid stages and this may lead the helper away from the person centred relationship resulting in a poorer outcome for the client. From my own experience in the skills workshops there can be a tendency to rush through each stage of the process rather than develop the relationship at the clients own pace. 2. The key concepts and principles of the model The model breaks the helping process down into three sections, each describing a stage of the helping and problem-solving process. Each stage is further sub-divided into three tasks that help define the stage and the processes involved. Whilst in theory the implementation of the stages is sequential, in practice they overlap, and the helping process may move backwards and forwards freely between stages. Stage 1: The Current Picture This stage sets the scene and is the clients opportunity to say what is happening in their life and to tell their story. Task 1a: The Story The client is encouraged to talk and say why they have come to counselling and what is happening in their lives. The counsellor must draw upon Rogers Core Conditions and their active listening skills to build a relationship that expresses their understanding and acceptance of the client. Such skills would include open questions, reflection, paraphrasing and summarising The narrative should progress at the clients own pace. Task 1b: Blind Spots and New Perspectives The purpose of this task is to help the client recognise the blind spots in their story that they may have overlooked or not recognised, and to help them take a new perspective on them. The counsellor can draw upon their skills of advanced empathy and immediacy to raise questions that challenge the clients perception or understanding. Self-disclosure may be used with caution by the counsellor if it is felt appropriate, whilst the counsellors use of immediacy may challenge the client to consider what is going on here and now. Task 1c: Leverage As part of stages 1a and 1b the client may have raised many issues that could be discussed. However, stage 1a helps the client, through appropriate questioning, to focus and identify one issue that would bring the greater benefit and make a difference in their life. Often managing such a problem or opportunity may minimise or eliminate the other issues raised. Alternatively the large problems in a clients life may seem so unresolvable that they need reducing to smaller issues that will help the client cope with the present, and allow them to address further issues one step at a time. The issue chosen should be of sufficient gravity to continue working with, often clients will choose problems that they can manage happily themselves. It is also important that the client is able to take ownership of the problem and show commitment to resolving it before moving to stage 2 of the model. Stage 2: The Preferred Picture At stage 2 the client is helped to envisage what their ideal outcome would be, what they want their world to look like. From the future possibilities the counsellor can help the client focus on a range of objectives to work towards. Task 2a: Possibilities The client is helped to consider the possibilities for a better future and to explore what that future may be. This task often involves a level of brainstorming and creative thinking. Clients should be encouraged to use their imagination and suspend judgement. A typical question the counsellor may ask would be If you had a magic wand what would you want? Task 2b: Change Agenda From the range of possibilities identified in task 2a, workable goals can be identified which constitute the clients change agenda. The goals should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-based) and it is important that they are the clients goals. Task 2c: Commitment When a client leaves a counselling session and has to face the distractions of daily life, goals set at 2b are easily forgotten. The counsellor can help by ensuring that the goals chosen are appealing to the client and the clients own. The client should be helped to embrace and take ownership of the goals Stage 3 The Way Forward Without a strategy, the client may feel that the goals chosen at 2b remain unrealisable. This stage helps formulate strategies for achieving the clients goals. From these strategies a plan can be drawn to help the client move forward. Task 3a: Possible Strategies The client is encouraged to think about the possible paths that can be taken to achieve their goals. Like at stage 2a, the client should be encouraged to brainstorm and be imaginative. The counsellor may use their skills in probing and prompting to help the client focus on different avenues. Task 3b: Best-fit Strategies There may be a number of possible strategies identified at stage 3a, however not all may be suitable to the clients circumstances. At this stage the counsellor can help the client to choose the most appropriate. Ideally, the preferred strategies will be those that are most likely to succeed and that the client has enthusiasm for. 3. The Introduction of Material From Two Other Therapeutic Schools Transactional Analysis (TA) TA is a theory of personality developed by Eric Berne (1910-1970), a Canadian psychologist that looks at the analysis of social interactions. Berne stressed the importance of early life experiences on our personality and was influenced emerging humanist ideas that people are born OK. The philosophy of TA is based upon 3 assumptions: People are born OK We can all make our own decisions Nobody can make us do, think or say anything without our consent. TA comprises three key areas: A theory of personality comprising 3 ego states. Child, Adult, Parent that reflect our thoughts and behaviours A model of communication or transactions. In particular Berne was interested in what ego state people were transacting from and to. A developmental model referring to life scripts. We all develop a life script from an early age and live our life by it. Both the Egan Model and Transactional Analysis challenge clients to have a new perspective upon problems and both are influenced by Rogers Person Centred approach and the core conditions. However whilst TA is a theory of personality based upon ego states, the Egan model does not address personality or social theory and provides framework for helping into which elements of other theories can be introduced. TA therapy is generally over a much longer period than counselling under the Egan model which defines the specific goals of the counselling sessions much more clearly. Psychodynamic Therapy Psychodynamic Therapy is based upon the personality theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and psychoanalytical psychotherapy. Freud recognised a difference between the conscious and the unconscious, or repressed, mind. A mid way between the two is our pre-conscious where our subconscious filters into our dreams or fantasies. Psychodynamic counselling aims to bring the unconscious to the conscious, enabling the client to construct a more effective personality through their increased awareness. Freud developed three components of personality: Id. Our basic, unconscious instincts. Our animal drives Ego. the ego represents what may be called reason and common sense, in contrast to the id which contains the passions (Freud 1923) Superego. An internal moral, parental voice. Freud believed that our childhood influenced our later personality and that we later re-enacted the patterns established at an early age. Psychodynamic counselling focuses on early development and experiences to help the client understand the present. Psychodynamic Counselling is insight orientated and tries to gain understanding by delving into our past. The Egan approach is goal orientated, looking to a better future created by the clients own actions. Egan is built upon the Person Centred ideas of Rogers and is therefore client centred. The best person to solve the clients problem, is the client. In contrast Psychodynamic counselling is expert based. The counsellor interprets the evidence provided by the client. Egan looks to change current situations whilst Psychodynamic Counselling looks for understanding. However,the flexibility of the Egan framework allows psychodynamic, or other, theories to be introduced if the counsellor believes this would be of benefit. 5. Recognition of Using Methods and Techniques Without Adequate Training

Canterbury Tales Essay - Sexuality in The Wife of Bath and the Pardoner

Sexuality in The Wife of Bath and the Pardoner In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, an eclectic mix of people gathers together at Tabard Inn to begin a pilgrimage to Canterbury. In the General Prologue, the readers are introduced to each of these characters. Among the pilgrims are the provocative Wife of Bath and the meek Pardoner. These two characters both demonstrate sexuality, in very different ways. Chaucer uses the Wife and the Pardoner to examine sexuality in the medieval period. The Middle Ages were a time of expanding and experimenting sexually for the people. Religious figures who had taken vows of celibacy had children, sometimes with more than one woman. Even some popes of the time had illicit affairs. However, adultery was often condoned, especially in knights, because the Chivalry Code expected of them certain â€Å"actions†: An act of infidelity was no disgrace, always provided that one preserved the form of polite society†¦Any knight who contented himself with wedding a virgin before himself having grown practiced in adultery and carried off several trophies of the chase was unworthy of his spurs. Adultery was a social diversion for the upper classes. A knight had to have a lady whom he worshiped†¦Church and state tolerated the adulterous relationship†¦It was the thing to choose a celestial patroness†¦(1) At the same time, women were repressed in their sexual feelings and were subject to their husband’s demands. If an unmarried woman had sexual relations, she would be dishonored, thrown into exile or even killed. Horrible experiments sought often to find ways of getting rid of any pleasure women would experience during intercourse. People in the Middle Ages had two distinct views on sexuality at that... ...though he was condemned by his sexuality. Chaucer used controversies to create character. He wanted his characters to teach the readers something new about life. The Wife of Bath and the Pardoner demonstrate Chaucer’s way of creating characters based on the sexuality of the medieval period. WORKS CITED (1)Life in the Middle Ages: Appearance vs. Reality. English Department: St. John’s College High School. stjohns-chs.org. (2) Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales edited by M.H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2001). All future references will come from this text. (3) Taken from notes in lectures by Dr. Raymond Nighan. (4) Monica E. McAlpine. The Pardoner’s Homosexuality and How It Matters. www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~laa14/sourcebook/mac-pard.htm. (5) E. McAlpine. (6) E. McAlpine.

Hazel

Where did the ritual take place? Villa Maria College Chapel, Christopher, New Zealand 2. Why did you choose this location? I went to school at Villa Maria College and I had an affiliation with the location. I liked the quaint, small size of the chapel where the guests felt closeness to the wedding ritual. I chose a Catholic chapel due to Roman Catholic being my religion. 3. What symbols were used in the ritual? What significance did they have? Rings- Symbolism our everlasting love that we bound as one, wedding dress- white homebodies my purity and is a tradition. . How were these symbols Important In the ritual for you? The rings symbolized for me our love and commitment for the rest of our lives, they were important as we picked them together. The wedding dress was special to me as it was white, it made me feel beautiful and it was traditional. I chose a traditional wedding dress, as it is apart of the Christian ritual. 5. What was the purpose of the ritual for you? Because for us, It was a commitment for the rest of our lives and It meant that we would raise children In the Catholic community. It also expressed our everlasting love for each other. 6.In your opinion, what was the climax of the ritual? When we said our vows and exchanged rings. 7. Did you have to do anything Involved with the ritual before the ceremony? Engagement, apply for a certificate of marriage, planning the ceremony. 8. Did you have to anything involved with the ritual after the ceremony? Honeymoon. 9. Which parts of the ritual were most special to you? The exchanging of rings and vows was most Important to me. Also, In the ceremony my mother sung, â€Å"Love changes everything† by Michael Crawford because It was meeting that she loves to do and it was special as it played an important part of the ceremony. 0. How did the ritual change you as a person? I changed my social status and there felt a real deference between living together 1 1 . Who attended the ritual? The wedding part y, family and close friends. 12. What roles did the participants play? My mother sung as said previously and my mother in law and close friend said a reading at the ceremony. My close friend was a bridesmaid and my brother in law was the best man. My nieces were flower girls and nephew was ring bearer. 13. How was the community involved in the ritual?The Villa Maria College nuns that lived next to the chapel, helped to prepare the chapel for the ceremony. 14. What features in the ritual displayed your religion? The bible where the readings were from, the prayers of the faithful and the hymns. One reading I chose was Corinthians 13: 4-7 as it displays what real love is like. ORAL Good morning, my name is Hazel Faulkner and today I will discuss a rite of passage, marriage, from the variant Roman Catholic. A ritual is a ceremony that involves different actions, symbols and writings which are performed according to a set order.Rituals are apart of everyday life and can even be as simple as a morning routine. Religious rituals are important as they help adherents connect with their deity. A rite of passage is a ceremony or event that marks a change or transition in someone's life from one phase to another. They include birth, adolescence, marriage and death. Over the years, scholars of religion have provided ways to analyses rituals. For example, Arnold Van Genes argued that a rite of passage involves three stages: pre-lamina, lamina and post-lamina. Sacred refers to the adherent being connected o or dedicated to their deity.Profane or secular is the opposite of sacred, it means something or someone is not concerned with religion. Marriage is a rite of passage and getting married is an important part of Christians lives. Marriage is a life long commitment between husband and wife made in the presence of God. Catholics generally have a Nuptial Mass which involves Eucharist and takes place in a church. The transition in marriage is being single to becoming one with y our bride or groom. Catholic marriage fits most appropriately into Van Genie's model and Love's five-step approach.The difference between a marriage and a wedding is that the marriage is the life long commitment where as a wedding For the investigation of a Catholic marriage the interviewee was my mother, Sue Faulkner. Her role in the rite of passage was the bride. Some of the questions asked were where did the ritual take place, what symbols were used, what significance did they have and what was the climax of the ritual. The interviewee's marriage took place at Villa Maria Chapel in Christopher, New Zealand. The questions helped to find useful information on the ritual and to discover an individuals view on marriage.A Catholic marriage has a clear structure. The first main element of a Catholic wedding is the wedding procession. It includes the bride walking down the aisle either by herself or with one or both of her parents as well as the wedding party. The symbolism of this elem ent is the beginning of a change of status and new life. Another element includes the readings from the Old Testament and New Testament. The purpose of the readings is to outline the importance of a Catholic tradition and make the presence of God in the marriage clear.The declaration of intention is also an important part of the wedding. This stage outlines the promises of commitment to each other throughout the struggles in marriage. The blessing of rings and exchanging of vows is often seen as the most important part of the wedding as the couple expresses the love they shares for each other and the vows symbolism commitment. Christians believe during the vows Christ becomes present. My interviewee saw this element as the climax of the ritual. The pronouncement of marriage is the stage where the change in status is almost completed.The signing of the register is a formal and legal recognition of the marriage and completes the stage f status for the couple. The recession concludes t he ritual ceremony, thus the change of status is final. As stated before, marriage suitably fits into Van Genie's model. He argued that there were three stages of a rite of passage, one being pre-lamina. The pre-lamina stage is the first stage in a rite of passage. It involves the separation from the couple's previous life. In a Catholic Marriage, the pre-lamina stage involves the bridal procession as it marks a beginning of a new status for the bride.It also involves the declaration of purpose where the priest outlines the significance of marriage and its repose in a Catholic context. The lamina stage involves transitioning from one stage to another and is often seen as the most important stage. The lamina stage in a Catholic marriage takes place after the giving away of the bride to the end of the exchanging of rings. The blessing of rings and exchanging of vows physically marks the change in status and transition. The post lamina stage in a Catholic marriage is the reincorporatio n stage where the couple is now ready to enter society with their new status.The post lamina stage in a Catholic marriage would include the signing of the register where the couple omelets their change in status and the recession where their change in status is Another model that is suitable to show and explain the structure of the ritual is Love's five-step approach. The model includes five steps, the first being the entry in which the participant leaves the ordinary world and enters the ritual. In a Catholic marriage this would include the proposal and declaration. The couple is now engaged and candidates for marriage.The second step is called the â€Å"preparation† in which the couple is involved in some sort of preparatory rite. This would include pre- Raritan counseling. The third is the climax of the ritual, which is the central, or highpoint of the ritual. In a marriage ceremony, the climax would be the exchanging of rings and vows. My interviewee agreed with this. The forth step includes the celebration which would be the wedding reception and the fifth step is called the â€Å"return† where the participants (bride and groom) leave the ritual and return to the ordinary world.The marriage ceremony marks separation from the ordinary or profane for the couple. The declaration of the couple as ‘husband' and Wife' displays that they are prepared from the community as they are now married. One element in a Catholic wedding which reinforces doctrinal teachings, is the readings. A common reading used is Psalm 103:8 which is a responsible psalm. â€Å"The Lord is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in love. † The message of the psalm is that the Lord is kind and merciful. The four major rites of passages are birth, adolescence, marriage and death.These passages will happen whether or not they are acknowledged with a ritual. Although, Christians choose to mark them with a special ceremony as they are important ruinatio ns in people's lives. The models by Van Genes, Turner and Loved are important as they help to break down rites of passages to better understand them. Catholic Marriage fits best into Van Genie's model as well as Love's. Marriage is important to Catholics as it promotes the same love that exists in the Holy Trinity and for the procreation of life, another aspect that mirrors the Trinity. Marriage creates a union between spouses.It is a sacrament and an institution created by God. B. WRITTEN SUBMISSION This investigation has helped to expand my knowledge on rituals, rites of passage ND marriage. I learnt that a ritual can be as simple as a morning routine and that there are many varieties of a ritual. Before the investigation, I had only a brief understanding of the models. The investigation helped to develop my knowledge on the particular models by Van Genes and Loved. The models helped me also to better the pre-lamina stage (separation), lamina stage (transition), and post-lamina st age (reincorporation).Love's model involves five steps: the entry, preparation, climax, celebration and return. These models are not only used for Christian rituals but for tails of any religion. The Buddhist view of marriage is considered a secular affair and is not seen as a religious duty. Buddhism marriage is a personal and social obligation. In Islam, marriage is a legal contract and the religion is a strong advocate for marriage. Referring to Hinduism, Hindus view marriage as a sacrament. They have similar views as Christianity in terms of marriage, believing that marriage is a union and Joins two individuals for life.Judaism also has similar views as marriage is viewed as a bond commanded by God in which a man and woman come together to create a legislations in which God is involved. Also, Jewish married couples are traditionally expected to have children. Australia is a multicultural society and therefore, we have a variety of different religions such as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism and many others, which are continually developing in Australian society. This means marriage ceremonies in Australia significantly differ depending on the religion. The participant's culture may be expressed through clothing or music.My interviewee's wedding did not take place in Australia but New Zealand. Australia ND New Zealand are very similar thus my interviewee's wedding did not significantly differ from a traditional Australian wedding. In an Aboriginal marriage ceremony, couples are commonly involved in a traditional smoking ceremony which makes the couple feel cleansed and free, going into the marriage with no bad spirits to bring them bad luck and it is also performed to create a lifelong bond between the couple. Marriage in Aboriginal societies is complicated and has puzzled anthropologists for centuries.In a Catholic marriage, the most important or common symbol is the rings. The rings present a never-ending circle of eternal love. They al so represent the union and commitment of the couple. Other marriage symbols include the veil, wedding bells, the wedding dress and the bible. Marriage successfully draws participants beyond the ordinary and into the transcendent as it is does not Just simply include the man and woman being in love. It is something larger in which the partners have a special ceremony which expresses the very meaning of their life together.Even though the institution of marriage that binds the couple together is invisible actions such as the stating the vows and exchanging of rings expresses the love and union. Although my speech mostly discusses the wedding ceremony, the preparation of the doesn't Just involve getting the wedding dress, flowers, rings etc. Couples are encouraged to attend pre-marital counseling which helps them prepare for marriage. After the couple is officially married, they may decide to go on a honeymoon. Also, the couple may decide that they want to have children, as marriage is essentially the ideal foundation for the making of children.The investigation was interesting yet difficult at times. The most challenging part of he investigation was finding what the pre-lamina, lamina and post-lamina stages of a Catholic wedding are. Information on the internet told me that pre-lamina stage of a Catholic wedding is the engagement, lamina is the ceremony and post-lamina is the honeymoon. However, I wanted to find the stages in the specific ceremony, as it was my main focus. The investigation helped me to better understand the concept of a ritual and a wedding ritual. Bibliography Austere, L, What is transcendence and why does it matter?

Major Courses Needed for a Statistics Degree

So you want to study statistics in college. What courses will you need to take? Not only will you be taking classes that pertain directly to statistics, but you will also take classes that are similar, if not identical, to those taken by students majoring in mathematics. Below is an overview of courses that commonly make up the core of a Bachelor’s degree in statistics. Requirements for a degree vary from one  institution to another, so be sure to check with your own college or university catalog to be certain what you will need to take in order to graduate with a major in statistics. Calculus Courses Calculus is foundational for many other areas of mathematics. The typical calculus sequence involves at least three courses. There is some variation on how these courses segment the information. Calculus teaches problem-solving and develops numerical competency, both skills that are important for statistics. In addition to this, a knowledge of calculus is necessary to prove results in statistics. Calculus One:  In the first course of the calculus sequence you will learn to think carefully about functions, exploring topics such as limits and continuity. The main focus of the class will move to the derivative, which calculates the slope of the line tangent to a graph at a given point. Towards the end of the course, you will learn about the integral, which is a way to calculate the area of regions that have strange shapes.Calculus Two:  In the second course of the calculus sequence you will learn more about the process of integration. The integral of a function is typically harder to compute that its derivative, so you will learn about different strategies and techniques. The other major topic of the course is typically infinite sequences and series. Intuitively, this topic examines infinite lists of numbers, and what happens when we try to add these lists together.Calculus Three:  The underlying assumption of calculus one and two is that we deal with functions with only o ne variable. Real life is much more complicated with several variables in the most interesting applications. So we generalize the calculus that we know already, but now with more than one variable. This leads to results that can no longer be depicted on graph paper but need three (or more) dimensions to illustrate. Other Mathematics Courses In addition to the calculus sequence, there are other courses in mathematics that are important to statistics. They include the following courses: Linear Algebra:  Linear algebra deals with the solutions to equations that are linear, meaning that the highest power of the variables is the first power. Although the equation 2x 3 7 is a linear equation, the equations that are of most interest in linear algebra involve several variables. The topic of matrices is developed to solve these equations. Matrices become an important tool to store data in statistics and other disciplines. Linear algebra also directly pertains to the area of regression in statistics.Probability:  Probability is foundational for much of statistics. It gives us a way to quantify chance events. Starting with set theory to define basic probability, the course will move on to more advanced topics in probability such as conditional probability and  Bayes theorem. Examples of other topics may include discrete and continuous random variables, moments, probability distributions, the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem.Real Analysis:  This co urse is a careful study of the real number system. In addition to this, the concepts in calculus such as limit and continuity are developed rigorously. Many times theorems in calculus are stated without proof. In analysis, the goal is to prove these theorems using deductive logic. Learning proof strategies is important to develop clear thinking. Statistics Courses Finally, we arrive at what you want to major in, statistics. Although the study of statistics is heavily dependent upon mathematics, there are some courses that do specifically pertain to statistics. Introduction to Statistics:  The first course in statistics will cover basic descriptive statistics such as average and standard deviation. In addition, some topics of statistical inference such as hypothesis testing will be encountered for the first time. Depending upon the level and aims of the course, there may be a number of other topics. Some courses overlap with probability and will involve a study of different types of probability distributions. Other courses are more data-driven and will focus on how to use computational software to analyze the statistics of these data sets.Mathematical Statistics:  Here the topics of the introduction to statistics course are dealt with in a mathematically rigorous fashion. There may be few if any data involved in this course. Rather the ideas from most if not all of the mathematics courses are used to deal with statistical ideas in a theoretical way.Specialized Courses:  There are a variety of other courses that you could then take to earn a degree in statistics. Many colleges and universities have entire courses built around regression, time series, actuarial studies and biostatistics. Most statistics programs require that you complete several of these courses in specialized topics.